Aeroplane.



J. A. RABBITT.

AHOPLANE.

APPLICATION MLBD AUG.25. 1010.

1,037,658, Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANE.

APPLXCATION FILED AUG.25,1910.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WHA/F3568:

J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25. 1910.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

y ATTORNEYS J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANB.

APPLICATION'ILLED AUG. 25, 1910.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

l E. l M

nvm/rue J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.25,1910.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

BTS-SHEET s.

WIM/58858.' v/Z'M J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANE.

APPLxcAfrION FILED AUG. 25, 1910.

1,037,658, Patented sept.,3,1912.

'l SHEETS-SHEET 6.

N i x TTRNEYS J. A. RABBITT.

AEROPLANB APPLwATIoN FILED AUG. 25, 1am

1,037,658, Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

`7 SHEETS-sum1 7,

Egm- 5M er To elli/whom it may'concm:

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFioE.

:AMES A Lo'YsIUs nABBITT, 'or YoKoHAMA, JAPAN.

' Be it known that I, JAMES A.`.Rnnrrr, a citizen of the nit'ed States,and a resident of Yokohama, J apan", have invented a new and ImprovedAeroplane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.V

Among the principal objects which the presentinveiition has inviewarezfto provide ranl` elongated 'rectangular main body frameAhavingy open 'ended tubular balancing members; tprovide balancingmembers of the characterdescribed structurally 4formed tlhainonize with'the driving mechanism oilthe aeroplane'; "to provide supporting planesfixedly mounted upon thebody structure `and having upwardlyconvexedform;

' lto 'provide levitating planes and operating pellersjffincorporated jwith. t drivenitraction meinsfor'propelling the magea'ring' therefor; toprovide balancing planes for `automatically correcting the'lateraTbalanCe of the machineyto provide a rudder?. and gearing forcontrolling vthe sa.xn` e,"said gearingbeing foot operated by theaviator; to provide bearings for the proe structural framelbfth'emachine; -to provide' power chine'by contact .,With'the earth; t'oprovide4 suitable skids for receiving the-landing impact, said-skidsforming part-of 'theV structure of the machine; `to provide means forcontrolling the disposition of'the planes by the movement of the Weightof the aviator; to provide a construction for theplanes from lightmaterial; to provide a novel structure `for the.planes, which structure'may be' held against warp or'twist; to provide anfoperating mechanismfor the aeroplane, having the minimum number of' parts and A'greatestsimplicity of construction; to provide a body 4frame the supportinginemers whereof are i increased in diameter transverse to the bendingstrain at the break ingmoment thereof; and to provide 'a structuralframe resilient minimum weight. 4 L i A One embodimentof the presentinvention.

i is disclosedginthe'structure illustrated in the accompanyiugdrawings,1n which like characters ofreference-, denote corresponding parts in alltheviewsmnd in which-- Figure 1v is a perspective view of an aeroplaneconstructed and arranged in accordance with the 'present inventic-n;Fig. 2 is a plan view of the vsaine'; Fig. '3 is a side ele'- vationofthe sarrie; Fig. 41s afront elevation of thesame'; Fig. 5 is a"perspetiveV in character andV o f specificatio of Lettersiratent; YPatented Sept. 3, 1912. application ined August 25,1910. serial No..578,830.

view of the structural frame denuded of the variousplanes; Fig.` 6 "`isadetail view in plan of one .of the. main 'supporting planes,illustrating in the form of layers the body 'structure of the saidplanes; Fig. 7 is a sev horizontal section taken on the line 7-7 in Fig.6; Fig. .8 a longitudinal section Len on the line 8- 8 'in Fig. 6;-Fig.9 isa detail View in perspective, of theA carrying wheels and mountingtherefor; Fig. 10 vis a detail view in'plan, of the; foot'operatedsteering gear; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the-keel of the machine;Fig. 12 isra, per-- spective vievv -in .-detail,' :of the operatinglevers and transmission connections therefor; Fig. 13 isa perspectiveviev;7 'in detail,illus trating th' aviators chair, and Fig.'14 is adiagrammatic view showing-the means for manually controlling theailerons.

"The present construction varies most widely from .the formofconstructions showing the present state of the art in certain welldefined distinctive features. These may be enumerated as'follows: first,in the construction of theplanes; second, in the employment of balancingmembers actuated by the Ashifting of the aviators body; third, theoperation of the steering rudder by -ineans of the feet of the aviatorand the mechanical means whereby this is accomplished; fourth, 'themanipulation of the levitating and balancing planes and .the simplifiedmechanism whereby the same is accomplished; and, fifth, the constructionand employment of selfcontained earth contacted traction driving wheelswhich may be discontinuedimmediately the aero plane is lifted from theground.

- The planes illust-rated inthe accompany! ing dravvin ,and hereinafterdescribed, are shaped 1n orms peculiar and individual to efach, ,'andadapted'to the particular Work by 'it to be. performed. The bodystructure, however, of each of the Various' planes bears a markedresemblance each to `the other in that between the framing members ofeach plane is constructed a basket woven material A, having a largemesh, and constructthe'forming of the supportingplane's-the plane isshaped or formed to other 'than a the construction and mounting of l' Ied` from a material such as split bamboo, light so .plaue;colhmeusuratewith`the full lifting Aflat surface, this weaving is preferably executedover a form, roducing a surface curvature of the deslred shape. Thelnterwoven strands are irmly secured to the surroundl'ng frame, and thusforms a reinforclng constructlon for the Aplanes light and exceedinglystrong. Either before or .-afterthe Woven reinforcement has been :1t-

ta'clied to theframe of the plane, -a thin, light Japanese paper'isglued preferably.

to the under-:side of the said reinforcement.

For this I'have selected a paper of a very tibrous nature, which whenpressed sinks between .the bambooo f the woven material A` to form onthe under side of the planes 'a honeycombed Iori' cellular surface, saidpa-- perhaving a grainadapted to resist a tre' Amendous .carryingstrain'in one direc tion.

NVhen the" lower, covering -is properly attached, I cover the'uppersurface of the reinforcementwithfa covering-of 4lightmuslin C;' Care isexercised in appl'ying the Inuslin to-cross the vrain' of 'the paperabove meni tioned, w'herby a tensile strengthl is attained `equal tothe'ful-l strength of each of the coveringsf-fWhenthe covering isstructurally crnpletedl c'o'at thefsame with 'a lightcoatingof'shellac,,thus'renderingthe fabric imperva'ofusto Water.' In thismannerl have produced, theflightest' form offlevitating Istrength-required.; I do not know of' a' mat eiial which 'has the' sameresistance'to tear or puncture, and tensity in maintainingits '85 lon'tudinal The planes constituting the supportingand Aoperating members ofthe-.present aeroplane are carriedon a bodyfra'm'e, vof whichlongitudinally disposed struts 3, ltand 5 and" struts 4and f keel'are-supported fin triangulararrangement lbyyopeix ended full' sided`'box tubes f-1 'and' 2. O theboxtubes, thatdes- .ignated bythe'numeald; disposedat the extreme forward 1imit,of thesaid struts and'keel, wh'i1e theA boit-tube 2fis 'disposed at the.

extended vvlaterall *fr ornf the horizontally .whichj are. In'ounted inbearingsformed: in.

achedim the struts; 4 .anal 5:;-j The pivet 'the rear of heinachinethestrut 3 1and-the being held in vseparated position by standing members15, 16, 17 and 18, towhich the said struts 4 and 5 are ixedly secured..

The standing members 15' and 1G are maintained in structural position bycross braces" 19, 19 constituting the structural frame support for therearward edges of the planes.

The outer ends of the cross braces are extended 'to the extreme lateraldimension of the machine, and are there joined by connecting rods 20,20. The standing members 17 and 18 are braced in vertical disposition bybowed frames 21, 21. The frames21, 21v are constructed from any suitablematerial,-

'-21of 4the drawings.l The outerA ends of the4 :frames are secured eachto theronnecting rods 20,' 2O respectively. Theopposite ends ofthe saidframes are'fixedly-*secured to the upper. ends of the standing. members15 and 16 respectively. The said frames cross each other' at 78, Wherethey are securely `and xedly fastened each to the other.. AThe .frames21, 21 are likewise fixedlyattached to the standing members 17 vand'l.Disposed between the upperfand lower planes, when bi-planes are used,areA connecting rods 22, 22, which are tixedly attached to the frames21, 21, reinforcing and-bracinv the construction of the outwardlyextende planes/12 and 43.

The parts above described, constructed v'and arranged in the manner'shown, form' the skeleton frame of the machine.' The struts and keelmembers-are .constructed from thin-Wood, the central portion whereofgradually increased, as seen in Fig. '11fof 'the drawings,'the increaseddimension being? j providedat the pointwhich may be designatedf as thebreaking moment 1n thefsaid member'.

f'ingf'me 1nber s, 'whosedutyit is toA support@Y `and carry, arepreferably constructed vrfrom f `hollow bamboo, having piano \v irethreaded therethrough, and .disposed toreceive the j-supportingloadwhile permitting the saidmembers to carry the superimposed.weight.;v ivIiithis mannerja resilient. but sti-'ongskelelv `members arereingforcedand guided 'in 'upvright "position-- by suitableguyjlineslala,

constructed from piano wire inthe [manner -slfi'o'w'n in the drawingsand particularly inV --i .125# when resting' upon the' ground, byrunners23.?23'. j 'lhe Y The aeroplane is supported,

Aial'nners 23,23` Aare fixedly mounted upon the lower ends of thestanding members-15,'

18, upon which they' are "flirt-her' lifted olf both the wheels' and"cured to the struts 4 and n ers 23, 23 are, in the present machine, de-

braced by angle\ braces 24, 24. The runners 23, 23 are given a longupward curve at the front end of the machine, and at the upper end ofthesaid runners they are xedly se- 5. 'Ihesaid runsigned to providemeans for alighting after f a flight, and also for support-ing themachine when resting upon the ground. When start-ing the flight therunners 23, 23 are of the ground by means of wheels The Wheels 25, arepivotally mounted in brackets 26,*fixedly attached to and' dependedfrein a platform-27. T he platform machine.- T he' platform 27 andwheels 25, 25 connected -therewith,r^are depressed to the position shownin dotted lines in Fig. 3 of the drawings, by alever 2S. The lever 28 ispivotally mounted at 29 between the members'ofithe keel 6. The lever 28is provided with a short extension 30, the squared end -of Whichisadapted to 'rest upon the. surface of the platform 27 when the handhold'of the lever 28 y is depressed -to extend the wheels 25, 25, intocarrying position. When the lever 28 is thus depressed, the squared 'endof the extension 30 holds the lever in position, and thus`.l oc ks theplatform 27 and the wheels 25, 25 in operative position. It is in thisposition that ated. It will be seen that raise the frame of the machinepartially vfrom the ground. This may beaided by the aviator throwing his.balance the'inachine upon the wheels 25, 25.

weight forward to The machine is ropelled by means of the wheels 25,25and ropellers 31, 31. The motive power supp ied .for the driving ofpropellers is imparted by amotor 32, which may be of any suitable formfor 'aeroplane propulsion. ing the said motor 32 and the axle 33-t owhich the wheels 25,-25 are xedly attached, is a driving chain "or belt34, as seen best in Fig. 9 of the drawings. -To receive thesaid belt theaxle 33 is provided with a pulley 35. Inthe extended position of thewheels 25, 25 the belt 34 is tightened so that-the axle 33 and wheelsconnected therewith are driven by the said belt. But when the lever 28is raised to the position shown'in Fig. 3 -t-heair pressure f ontheplatform 27 lifts said platunder side'of 'the connected therewith to theform and wheels position shown in said Fig,l 3', andslackens the belt34, and of the axle 33. The prope so discontinues the rotation an'd 5are provided with suitable bearings thrust. `understood that thesupported on the struction.

duplicated, and

the flight is initiv the wheels 25, 25`

llers 31, 31 are driven by-chains 36, 36, which are suitably connectedtothe .motor 32 and to sprocket wheels 37, 37,

surrounding the said struts and rigidly secured thereon, To aline andhold the hubs 38, 38 in position the bearings mounted f upon thesaid'struts are secured in position by collars 39," 39. By means o fthis construction there is provided an elongated' bearing forthe'propellers 31, 31 directly mounted and held. in line with the strutsconstituting the frame of the machine wherebytliere is imparted to thestructural form of the machine aA direct ropeliing In initiating theflight 1t will be propellers 31, 31 are started simultaneously-with thedriving of the wheels 25, 25,`aiding in the propulsion ao of the machineat that time, and. when sutlicient speed has been atta-ined to "lift themachine from the ground, continuing their revolutions for the propulsionof the ma;v chine through'the air. -The hubs 38, IBS-are bearings bymeans of any suitable rolling bearings, the length'of the bearings andhubs facilitating su'eh con- The present machine is constructed in; theform of what is-known as a bi-plane. *Supporting planes 42' and 13S-arepreferably are 'disposed in parallel `relation and in direct verticalline. he planes 42 and 43 are composed of two substantially.semicircular members,1formed by the cross braces 19, 19 and the-'bentframes 2 1, 21. As above stated, .the inner ends of theframesare'crossed, as' shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, to produce wing-likeex- '100 tensions, andare secured each to the cross; brace 19 betweenthe two ends of the opposite frame. Secured rigidly upon the saidwing'extensions and cross braces is a cover constructed in accordancewith the descrip-.- tion herein above set forth. f The covers for theplanes Lt2-and 43 are curved upwardly to form concave under surfaces.'TheV A curved lines of the said planes 42 and 43 are shown in Figs. 3and 4. In `Fig. 3 theline of curvature illustrated isv extended. foreand aft, or parallel with the longitudinal extension of the machine,while the extension of the curve illustrated in Fig4 of the drawings istransverse tothe longitudi nal extension of the machine. It will benoticed that the highest point of'convexity of the planes, when viewedfrom' the side is advanced toward the vforward edge-o the planes, andwhen viewed from the front, is carried toward the center ofthe machineor the crossed area of the said1 lanes.

The formation ofthe planes to the lines illustrated. producesv amorelifting and buoying surface for the carrying of the aeroplane. Byforming-the lanes in the4 manner shownin plan in 2` of the drawings,"the widest dimensionof the wingI extensions is disposed at some distancefrom the-center of the machine.' the center of 130 the machine thecrossedareas of the wings form a contracted or waist-like area, the liftof which 'is considerably less than that of the extended portions of'the :said wings, whilethe structural strength is greatlyauginentedandwhich forms apassage for uper air currents. v

The walls of the tubes 1 and 2.. arefornied 'p from the samecoveringm-aterial above described, the'walls being secured rigidly inrectangualr form, -shownin' Fig. 1. .The tubes 1 and2, when employed onmachines designed for ifa-pid flight, are attened.

lVithin the-tube v1 is vertically mounted Vthe vane 13, the extensin ofwhich parallel with the longitudinal extension of the aeroplane. Theobject of the vanef13 is to coriect any eddying4 tendency within the;tube 1', and to overcome anyl tendency on` the, part of V.themachine tolateral sway. AEX- teiided from the outwardly projected angles ofthetubeQ are -ins44, are fixedly connected and have a steadying effect onthe flight of the machine, balan`cing and lholding in trueprojectedvplane thetube :Zand frame connected therewith. The vane 13 and fins 44,44are 4formed from' the above described covering material, the same.being planes are shaped Figs. 1,. 2. an'd- 3 of the. drawings, having'a' to the. needs 'of the 1 planes 7-"and -of the machine.l Further,

vstretchedfupon and .held rigidly by` suitable framingii'iaterial:`

The machine herein' described is controlled by the levitating -planes'--7 and 8f -These substantially 'as shown in fromV the forwa rd ....to`vthe curvedformation rear edge, andhaving an area calculated machine;The" said .8Y are" constructed of. 'suitable frames covered l with thecovering material above mentioned, and vrigidly. mounted: Aupon thepivot'rods9 ands101'rSpectively.. In* operation, the planes v7l `and ifrom the' horizontal section thereof upwardor' downward.' --Dellpendingv upon the altitude f th eA forward' I edge of. the planes 7.andS with .regard to; `eitnsion .of the j 8 .are inclined to' extendVthe" forward the horizontal'line of the machine,` is 4the'iur'ivv'ai-dor downwardflight' when constructed as herein shown, wherein the planesare disconnected, bythe operationof either' A.of the themachine-:maybeV.tudina'l axis toslightly `tilt ally while making a downward or spiral.

"of 'the otherv plane,- deie'ctedmiits longil the machine later.-

planes independently he planes 7" and 8 are. heidV in W 'hen` t 'mutualalinement ,'and 1n the position wherel inthe machine-is flying onv alevelpathg'the rear end 'of the said planes being. down' wardly dipped,as'shown, brake Vto steady .the planes and the action of the machine;"Izhisaction on -the; partof the planes 7 and 8 is very similar tothat'ot.

the action of lthe rudder, whereinthe bestthere are formed `openingstips and'th'e bodyof the planes-to whichf ori'npassagewaysr fortheupward currentsfof air.

forms a.- sufficienti results'are obtained when a lightand steadypressure is constantly exerted upon the one side of the rudder.

The planes 7 and 8 are harnessed by braces i'angedand pivotallyconnected at 46 to connecting rods 47, 47. The rods 47, 47 are ivotallyconnected at 48 to levers 49, 49. .The said levers are pivotallyconnected to rockingbars-O, 50. Thelrocking bars 50,

51, which are 'mounted -in bearings in the .brace members 52, 52, andpost 53, which are connected directly to the keel 6 of themachine, and'constitute part of the thereof. fixedly Upon'the'blocks 54are lixedl'ymqunted cross bars 55,V 55. At the outer` ends'oi the bars V55, v arepivot-ally mounted the `fle"gs '56,'56

are "pivotall :connect tothe crossfbars 55', '55 andl eiiteii'ded'downxedly attachedfto bars -sides position and arrangement of the chair"57 and its supporting' members, together -With that any rocking of 60,60 coincidcntly to press upon the lower saine-to the. one or theothei'.side,'as the ease Amay-be.

fand 62,62' with whichtheplanes 42l and 43 are provided.- The wing tips'are pivotally Amounted upon the braces 19, 19 at the outer extremities.thereof, and form shown in F igs".`2' and 3 of the draw- 'ings.- Anysuitable hinged mounting ofthe' Aof the tips 61 and 62 are to' e raisedat their forward' edges above and lbelow the 'planes'42 and` 43, and aremanipuharnesscoiisi sting of'cables 64, 65, 66 and 67. IB rocking thewing tips 61, 62 on pivotal bearings, it will be observed thatbetweenthe said they are connected, which openings' These-upwardcurrents of airdiave a steady- .ing elfect upon the planes inv whichthey nected to" the one lever 49 at the'lower end l. taehedto the other.

45, 45, said braces being triangularly aiframe wardbelowthe'saidpivotal. 'connectionfandrf 160,.6o..-Tiiebars eo indr rods63; 63.' Thewing-tips are adapted '.115

"15 50 are provided with pivotal .extensions-51,

vBetween thek'meinbers'jof thekeel 6xare` mounted supporting blocks' 54,54..

arevshaped in the adopted. A t the outer edge the 'frames' joined byconnectlated to-V thus act by'mcans of the operating .occursiThe cables64 land 65 are 'e'ach .con lever. 49 at the .lower end u thereof, andthe cables 66 and 67 'are each at- 13o 11.0 said tips upon'thesaidbraces .19 may be thereof. The cables are reeved about suitablepulley blocks 68, 63 and connected to the connecting rods G3, 63. Thecables 65 and 67 are recved over blocks 63 attached to the upper braces19 (see Fig. 12), and Yn thence extended to the middle of the ,ting rodsG3, whiler the cables 64 and 66 are rcevcd over blocks mounted on thelower 'rod 19 and attached to the said connecing rods at the same point.It will bc noticed that the disposition of the cables such that theyvork in harmony, and are so disposed that when the rod G3 on the oneside of the machine is raised, `the rod 63 on the opposite side of themachine is depressed.

With a construction arranged as above described the tilting of theaeroplane, to

which such machines are liable, would result in the instant rocking ofthe chair 57, caused by the inertia of the'heavier mass of the aviatorsbody operating to shift the bars 60, 60 against the sides of theopposite levers 49, 49 to move the same to dispose the tips 61 and 62 atangles against the wind pressure corrective an adapted to return themachine to its equilibrium. As the machine is returned to itsequilibrium it will be seen that the chair 57, in righting itself,returns the tips to their normal position in roper extension of theplanes 42 and 43.-# lt will also be seen that 1n flight, wherein 4it isdesited to imitate the swoop of a'ybird, the levers 49, 49 may beindividuell o erated b depressing either longitu ina ly to c ange theangle of either of the levitating planes 7 and 8, and at the same timemove both levers 49, 49 to dispose the tips 61, 61

-and 62, 62 to assist in the canting or tilting effect caused I,by theabove mentioned disposition ofiftheL lanes and tips. Thus, it will beobserved t at the arrangement and construction ofthe levers 49, 49, thelevitatingI planes 7 and 8 and the wing tips 61 and 62, give to theaviator a scope of control of the aeroplane herein described, greaterthan presented by constructions heretofore devised. p

The lateral path of the aeroplane is controlled by a rudder 69. Therudder 69 is a straight plane fixedly mounted on the vertical post 14,and having an area the dimen-v sions of which are regulated -by theneeds of the machine. The frame of the rudder is reinforced by atransversely dis osed rod 70, the ends whereof are extended from thesides of the rudder and connected to the edge of the frame thereof bymeans .of guy lines 71, 71. The post 14 is pivotally mounted in the endof the strut 3 and in a plate 72, bridgin the space between .theparallel members o the keel 6. F ixedly attached to the lower end of thepost 14 is a tiller 73. The tiller 73 is connected by means of guylilies 74, 74 with the rudder 69, and to the portion .thereof which isremoved from the post 14, thus reinforcing the strain on the rudder andpost. The tiller 73 is pivotally connected to tiller rods 75, 75. Therods 75, 75 are pivotally connected to a pivoted foot brace 76. The footbrace 76 is provided with a pivot 77 pivotally mounted in the frame ofthe keel 6. The foot brace 76 is disposed in suitable relation to thechair 57. so that the aviator, seated in the said chair, uses the brace76 as a foot rest. By shifting the brace 76 with his foot the aviator,when operating an aeroplane constructed in conformity with thisinvention, directly controls the horizontal path traveled by the saidaeroplane. v

The operation of the machine constructed as above described, and asshown in the accompanying drawings, is as follows: When the machine isat rest upon the ground the runners 23. 23 support the same, as shown inFig. 3 of the drawings. The aviator enters the car, and by reachingforward he depresses the lever 28 until the short end 30 lthereof forcesdownward the platform 27 and the wheels 25, 25 connected therewith.rlhis action uptilts the machine, which rests at this moment upon thewheels 25, 25 and the rearend of the runners 23, 23. As eX plained, thesquared end of the extension 30 locks the lever 28 in position whereinthe said platform and wheels carriedA thereb are extended. The motor 32is now starte W'hen the said motor has attained its speed the clutchesare thrown in, starting the propellers 31, 31 and the wheels 25, 25. Inthis position the aviator may facilitate the action by slightly shiftinghis weight forward until the pressure on the rear of the runners 23, 23is nullied. The machine, operating through both the propellers and thetract-ion ofthe wheels upon the earth, gradually gathers headway untilthe speed is sufficient to'deflect the planes 7 and 8 to lift theforward end of the machine. Immediately thepla'nes 42 and 43 arepresented at a levitating angle, resulting in lifting the machine clearof the ground. The propulsion from this point is by means of thepropellers 31, 31. When the machine has been raised `at a safe distancefrom the ground, the aviator, by lifting the lever 28, releases theplatform 27, which is immediately thrown to. the position shown in Fig.3 of the drawings, by the air pressure exerted on the forward side ofthe said platform. In this position the said platform will romain untilafter the alighting of the machine.

l The flight having been thus established, the aviator, by operating thelevers 49, 49 and the foot brace 76, may and will have perfect controlof the aeroplane, governing its horizontal and vertical path, and, ifdesired, imparting thereto a s iral course in the manner above describeWhile coni nism herein4 describe tion is not so completelyl required toguardi tively Li9, the perfect righting or balancing of the machine. n

Having thus desc"ibed my invention, what I claim as new and' desire tosecure by Letters Patent is i 1. An aeroplane, com rising an elongatedskeleton frame; 'a plura ity of tubular chambers extended in line withand fixedly mounted on said frame; levitating-planes pivotallymountedupon the oneof said tubular chambers and horizontally extendedtherefrom; a vertically disposed flat vane extended in the'longitudinalcenter of said frameand mountedA on the said chamber supporting saidlevitating planes; a rudder vertically pivoted on the rearmost of saidchambers; horizontally extended vanes fixedly mounted on said rearmostchamber; a carrying plane laterally extended from and fixedl. mounted onsaid frame; means for prope ling lthe aeroplane in iii' ht; and

means for varying the path of the ight verx tically andhorizontally 2;An aeroplane, comprising an elongated skeleton frame; a plurality oftubular chambers extended in line with and ixedly mounted on said frame;a carrying plane laterally A extended, from and xedly mounted on saidframe; `levitating planes pivotally mounted uponfth'one-of said tubularchambers and horizontally Aextended therefrom; a plurality of balancingplanes pivotally mounted .u on said carryingplane andy at the oppositeextremes thereof; manually operated' means for controlling the saidlevitating and balancing'pl'anes in unison; means forpi'cpellin-'glrfthe aeroplane in flight; and

d means for varying Ithe path of the flight vertically and'horizontally.

z 3. A n aeroplane, comprising an elon ated skeletonv frame; a pluralityof tubular c ainbers extended in line with andfix'edly mounted on saidframe; 'a carrying plane laterally extended from and"fixedly mounted onsaid frame; levitating planes pivotally mounted upon the one' of saidtubular chambers and horizontally extended therefrom; a plurality ofbalancing planes pivotally mounted upon said carrying plane and at theopposite extremes thereof; Va plurality of universally pivoted leversmounted-upon said frame; a plurality of devices connecting each of saidlevers with one of said levitating and balancing planes on each side ofthe longitudinal center of the aeroplane, to operate in harmony andindependently of the said levitating and balancing planes disposed onthe opposite side of the aeroplane; means for piopellin the aeroplane'inflight; and means for varying the path of the flight vertically andhorizontally.

l. An aeroplane, comprising an elongated skeleton frame; a plurality oftubular chambers extended in line with and lixedly mounted on saidframe; a plurality of carrying planes laterally extended from and'fixedly mounted on said frame, said planes having a smooth upper surfaceand an open cellular under surface; levitating planes pivotally mountedupon the one of said tubular chambers and horizontally extendedtherefrom; a plurality vof balancing planes pivotally mounted upon saidcarrying plane and at the opposite extremes thereof; manually operatedmeans for controlling the said levitating and balancing planes inunison; means for propelling the aeroplane in flight; and means forvarying the path of the flight vertically and horizontally.

5. An aeroplane, comprising an elongated skeleton frame; a plurality oftubular chambers extended in line with and fixedly mounted on saidframe; a'plurality of carrying planes laterally fixedly mounted on saidframe, said planes being constructed of an open mesh Woven material anda smooth upper covering therefor to form cells in the under surfacedownwardly opening; levitating planes pivotally mounted upon the one ofsaid tubular chambers and horizontally extended therefrom; a pluralityof balancing planes pivot-ally mounted upon said carrying plane and atthe opposite extremes thereof; a plurality of universally pivoted levers`mo'unted upon said frame; a plurality of devices connecting each ofsaid levers with one of said levitating and balancing planes on eachside of the longitudinal center of the aeroplane, to operate in harmonyand independently of the said levitating and balancing planes disposedon the opposite side of the aeroplane; means for propelling theaeroplane in flight;

extended from and' and means for varying the path of the flight Aflight, to form air-holding pockets for said plane.

8. In an aeroplane such as described, a carrying plane constructed from'a fiber vWoven to form an open mesh, said liber being shaped and set tothe form desired for said plane, and said fiber being covered with asmooth material, to form' an unbroken surface, said material beingadhered to said fiber.

9. In an aeroplane such as described, a carrying Aplane therefor,`constructed of Woven material, the mesh whereof is open, said Wovenmaterial being lcovered on top pockets'on the underside of said plane.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification 1n the presence oftwo subscrlbmg Witnesses.

JAMES ALOYSIUS RABBITT."

Witnesses:

4ROGER CULVER TREDWELL,

H. B. ALBRIGHT.

